Since then, concerns of an expansion in doctorate holders have not dampened growth. The topic was already featured in Higher Education four decades ago, in a 1982 article discussing labour market outcomes, the quality of doctoral candidates and the cost–benefit analysis of the production of more doctorate holders (Zumeta, 1982). This essay seeks to open the doorway on research into why this expansion is taking place, and what it means for all involved. This growth in doctoral level attainment has been poorly recorded and the careers of doctorate holders are not systematically tracked in most countries (graduate tracking, where it exists tends to relate to bachelor and sometimes master’s graduates, where numbers are much higher).
However, if current trends continue, it is estimated that 2.3% of today’s young adults will enter doctoral studies at some point in their life (OECD, 2019b). In 2019, the average share of 25–64-year-olds with a doctorate across the OECD was around 1%.
Doctorate level attainment has increased significantly in developed economies.
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